Russell Freedman brings narrative and historic photos together to give the reader a small taste of what it was like to live in Germany during the time Adolf Hitler’s rise and fall.

Not all Germans were deceived by Adolf Hitler’s promises. Hitler Youth Groups, in economically depressed post-World War I Germany, were pumped full of patriotism and uniforms. They appear to be a cross between high-school pep rallies and boy scouting. At first, Hans Scholl was very eager to be a part of this exciting group. In 1935, his Hitler Youth group took part in the Nazi Party Rally in Nuremberg where over 50,000 youth were present. Hans became “disillusioned by the mass conformity of the Nuremberg rally, the mindless obedience demanded of each participant.”(11) Afterwards, when Hans tried to run his patrol his own way he was taken out of his leadership position. By 1936, Hitler Youth group was mandatory. Other German youth groups were outlawed, most disbanded. Hans became part of the d.j.1.11 (German Boys League – Deutsche Jungendschaft) which had to meet in secret. When the d.j.1.11 met, someone might ask, ”  ‘ What is an Aryan?’… The group would reply in hooting unison” ‘Blond like Hitler!’ – who was dark. ‘Tall like Goebbels!’ – the propaganda minister, who was short. ‘Slender like Goring!’ the Nazi military leader, who was fat.” (14)

Sophie Scholl, Hans’ younger sister, was put under suspicion when she would not give up her Jewish friends.

Both, Hans and Sophie worked their mandatory service to their country in the National Labor Service. Before going onto college. After basic training, Hans was able to study medicine at university during the school year and be an army medic on the Russian Front during his summers off from school. Hans and his student friends wondered how they could help heal people in hospital, when outside the Nazis were killing them. Then in June 1942, Hans and a very small group of his most trusted friends began writing the leaflets – THE WHITE ROSE. A non-violent form of resistance, which eventually had them arrested, jailed, and executed. The supplies for the leaflets were all purchased in small quantities, all over the city, by many different people, so as to not raise suspicion. Then the leaflets were mailed from various post offices in a number of different cities to people throughout Germany.  The first leaflet called for resisting the Nazi regime, the second brought to light the atrocities in occupied territories, the third called the Nazi dictatorship evil and to sabotage things helping the war to continue, the fourth stated Hitler, the Fuhrer,  was all lies, Hell and Satan. It ended saying, ”  ‘ We will not be silent. We are your bad conscience. The White Rose will not leave you in peace.’  ” (46) The fifth leaflet stated the war’s end was near, Hitler will not win, be careful what side you are on. The sixth stated the terrible loss at Stalingrad, “Senselessly and irresponsibly driven” by Hitler.  (57)

Hans and Sophie Scholl were arrested on February 18, 1943. After their trial, where no witnesses were called and no family members were allowed to be present, they were executed by guillotine the same day.

Another White Rose began. Eventually, “British warplanes were dropping White Rose leaflets by the tens of thousands over Germany’s cities and towns.” (82)

There are now numerous streets named after this movement and a museum / memorial at the Munich University.

This book answered so many questions I have often pondered over, but never asked. It is such a relief to know there were German people standing up to Hitler, even though they were ineffective.